云南省临沧市第一中学2018届高三下学期第一次月考英语

临沧市一中2017—2018学年下学期高三第1次月考

英语试卷

（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）

第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分)

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What is the problem with the woman?
   A.She has a headache.B.She has a sore throat.C.She has a high fever.
2. Why will the woman do a part-time job?
   A.To help support her family.
   B.To prepare for her future career.
   C.To earn some money for her study.
3. Where will the man be at 4 o’clock?
   A.At the office.B.At the airport.C.At the restaurant.
4. What does the man think of his Harry Potter book?
   A.Fake but worth reading.
   B.Cheaper and interesting.
   C.Cheaper but not worth buying.
5. What are the speakers talking about?
   A.Buying an apartment.B.Using public transport.C.Planting some trees.
   第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
   听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
   听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What will the man do for Steve?
   A.Write an article.B. Take photos.C. Go shopping.
7. When will the speakers meet?

A.On Friday.B.At noon.C.In the morning.

听第7段材料，回答8、9题。

8.What makes the woman upset?

A.Economic stress. B.Loss of her credit card. C.Present for her friends.

9. What causes the woman’s trouble according to the man?

A.Her attitude to life.

B.Her consumption concept.

C.Her relationship with friends.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

1. Why does the woman reply to a man’s article in the forum?

A.Because she has different ideas.

B.Because she wants to help him.

C.Because she dislikes him.

11. What does the woman enjoy doing?

A.Making friends.B.Discussing something online.C.Choosing topics.

12.How does the woman fight in the forum?

第1页

听第9段材料，回答第13-16题。

1. Why did the man come back late?

A.He hurt his hands and knees.

B.He went to a pub with Julie.

C.He waited a long time for the bus.

14. What happened to Julie?

A.She was fined.B.She got injured.C.She had an accident.

15. Where was the witness?

A.Outside the pub.B.At a bus stop.C.In his car.

16. What was the old lady doing in the middle of the road?

A.Looking for something.

B.Struggling to stand up.

C.Trying to seek help.

听第10段材料，回答第17-20题。

1. When did Alfred Nobel die?
   A.In 1906.B.In 1901.C.In 1896.
   18. Which prize is only a Noble Prize in name?
   A.The Nobel Peace Prize.
   B.The Nobel Medicine Prize.
   C.The Nobel Economics Prize.
   19. What should the judges do with the discussions about winners?
   A.Keep them secret. B.Make them known. C.Write them down.
   20. Why must scientists wait for 50 years for their awards?
   A.To wait for more breakthroughs.
   B.To test their devotion to their career.
   C.To see the effect of their achievements.
   第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
   第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
   阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
   A
   Come and spend a week with us at Green and Gold Camp on the Sacramento State Campus! Days are filled with scavenger hunts, river walks, the Challenge Center, water activities, arts and crafts, games and more! Your adventure begins at Sacramento State.
   Awesome Activities:

   •Orienteering	Scavenger hunt
   Ropes course	Arts and crafts
   Cooking outdoors	Campus museums
   Fun in the sun	River walk
   Fun and educational games	Leave no trace principles
   •Swimming

   Camps Dates and Details

   Week1:6/1/2017-6/5/2017	Week2: 6/7/2017-6/11/2017
   Week3: 6/12/2017-6/16/2017	Week4: 6/19/2017-6/23/2017
   Week5: 6/26/2017-6/30/2017	Week6: 7/10/2017-7/14/2017

   How much does this camp cost?
   This camp is only $290 for an entire week of memories and friendships that will last a lifetime.
   

   第2页

   A minimum deposit of 50%per child, per camp is required for all registrations(non-refundable). Full payment is due 14 days prior to camp start.
   When does the camp begin/end?
   Drop-off for Green and Gold Camp begins each moring at 8:00 am. Camp activities begin at 8:30 each day and end at 5:00 pm. All children must be picked up no later than 5:00 pm. Late pick-ups will result in a $10 fee.
   What does my child need to bring to the camp?
   Peak Adventures will provide a morning and afternoon snack, but your child needs to bring his/her own bag lunch every day. We also do water activities, so be sure to include a swim suit and a towel each day so they can participate. We suggest packing the following items each day:

   •T-shirt	•Shorts	•Sweatshirt
   •Tennis shoes	•Towel	•Sunscreen
   •Day pack	•Water bottle	•Lunch
   •Sunglasses	•Hat/Visor	•Lip balm
   •Swim-suit	•Water shoes

   Camps must have a minimum of six campers for the program to run. No guarantees. You will receive a full refund for any canceled camps.
   CALL US AT 916-278-6321 FOR MORE INFORMATION AND TO RESERVE YOUR YOUTH CAMP SPOT TODAY.
   21. What will learn at the camp?
   1. Holding your footprints. B. Hunting for small animals.
      C. Adventuring in the forest. D. Playing games in the river.
      22. If you are late to fetch your kid twice a week, you have to pay ______.
      1. $155B. $310 C. $145 D. $300
         23. What must you bring to join the camp?
         A. A T-shirt and a sweatshirt.
         B. Tennis shoes and water shoes.
         C. A swim suit and a towel.
         D. Sunscreen and sunglasses.
         B
         A young woman sits alone in a café sipping tea and reading a book. She pauses briefly to write in a nearby notepad before showing her words to a passing café waiter:“Where are the toilets please?” This is a familiar scene in Tokyo’s so-called “silent cafés”, where customers are not allowed to speak, and only communicate by writing in notepads.
         The concept rises by a desire to be alone among young Japanese, a situation brought by economic uncertainty, a shift in traditional family support structures and the growing social isolation. The phenomenon is not limited to coffee shops but covers everything from silent discos, where participants dance alone wearing wireless headphones connected to the DJ, to products such as small desk tents designed for conversation-free privacy in the office. One Kyoto company even offers single women the opportunity to have a “one woman wedding” — a full bridal affair, complete with white dress and ceremony, and the only thing missing is the groom. The trend has its own media expression — “botchi-zoku”, referring to individuals who consciously choose to do things completely on their own.
         One recent weekday afternoon, Chihiro Higashikokubaru, a 23-year-old nurse, travelled 90 minutes from her home, to Tokyo on her day off in order to enjoy some solo time. Speaking quietly at the entrance of the cafe, Miss Higashikokubaru said: “I heard about this place via Twitter and I like the idea of coming here. I work as a nurse and it's always very busy. There are very few quiet places in Tokyo, and it's a big busy city. I just want to come and sit somewhere quietly on my own. I’m going to drink a cup of tea and maybe do some drawings. I like the idea of a quiet, calm atmosphere.”
         The desire to be isolated is not a new concept in Japan, home to an estimated 3.6 million “hikikomori” — a more extreme example of social recluses (隐士) who withdraw completely from society.
         24. What is special about the “silent cafes”?
         A. It provides various tea and books.
   2. People are not allowed to communicate.

   3. 第3页

      It has attracted many popular young people.
   4. It offers service by writing not by speaking.

25. Which of the following accounts for the idea of being alone in Japan?

1. The increasing social isolation.
2. The stable economic situation.
3. The rising demand for privacy.
4. The rapid development of internet.

26. What do we know about Higashikokubaru?

1. She doesn’t like to be a nurse.
2. She doesn’t like the life in big cities.
3. She enjoys her solo time in a quiet place.
4. She travelled to Tokyo on her work days.
   27. What is the best title of the passage?
   1. Silent cafesB. Lonely Japanese

C. One woman weddingD. Social recluses in Japan

C

One form of social prejudice against older people is the belief that they cannot understand or use modern technology. Activities like playing computer games, going on the Net and downloading MP3s are only for the youngsters. Isn’t it unfair that older people enjoying a computer game should be frowned(皱眉) upon by their children and grandchildren?

Nowadays older people have more control over their lives and they play a full part in society. Moreover, better health care has left more people in their sixties and seventies feeling fit and active after retirement. Mental activity, as well as physical exercise, can contribute to better health. Playing computer games is a very effective way of exercising the brain.

When personal computers were first introduced, most older people didn’t believe they would ever familiarize themselves with it. Now computers have been around for a few generations and retired people have gradually become more relaxed about using them for fun. Gamers over 65 prefer playing puzzle games and card games. Kate Stevens, aged 72, says: “I find it very relaxing. It’s not very demanding, but you still need to concentrate.”

Another development that has favored “grey games” is a change in the type of videogames available on the market. There’s a greater variety of games to choose from, including more intellectual and complex strategy(策略) and simulation(模拟) games. Internet Chess and Train Simulator are among the most popular of these. Train Simulator is based on real-world rail activities. Players can choose from a variety of challenges, such as keeping to a strict-timetable and using helper engines during a winter storm.

Some people argue that “grey gamers” simply don’t have the skills required for computer games, and that teenagers are better. This couldn’t be further from the truth. Most computer games require the kind of analytical thinking that improves with practice, which means that the “grey gamers” may well be far better than gamers half a century younger than them. In games where speed is the main consideration, older people would be at a disadvantage because they may have slower reaction time. On the other hand, “grey gamers” have a preference for slower paced, mind challenging games.

28. The second paragraph is intended to .

A. show the best way to exercise the brain B. stress the importance of good health

C. explain why grey gamers exist D. teach how to play videogames

29. What was older people’s attitude towards personal computers at first ?

A. Doubtful B. Concerned C. Enthusiastic D. Supportive

30. The method the author uses to develop Paragraph 4 is .

A. offering analyses B. giving examples

C. making comparisons D. providing details

31. By saying “This couldn’t be further from the truth.” in Paragraph 5, the author means .

A. mind challenging games are not suitable for older people

第4页

C. playing computer games requires analytical thinking

D. older people can perform well in some computer games

D

In the mid-2000s, Waze Mobile co-founder Ehud Shabtai received a cutting-edge(尖端的) gift from his girlfriend: a GPS. The expensive gift was supposed to be helpful. But straight out of the box, it was already out of date.

Shabtai, a coding enthusiast, had an immediate reaction to reinvent. Shabtai’s solution? To build an app. With 50million monthly active users globally and nearly 400,000 superusers who function much like Wikipedia volunteer editors(editing maps rather than words), Waze Mobile caught the eye of Google as a revolutionary approach to navigation (导航).

Acquired by Google in 2013, Waze’s value mainly lies in its high rate of user involvement. Unlike traditional navigation apps that simply show directions, Waze asks its users to report accidents and other road conditions in real time, so other users can avoid the traffic by using an alternative route.

The goal behind Waze’s approach is an ambitious one: not just avoid traffic, but end it altogether. Waze is finding new ways to put its loyal and active user base to use to make that vision a reality, including a plan to make carpooling(拼车) cool.

To be sure, traffic jams are troubling people all over the world. Waze has been quietly ahead of the game for some time. In 2013, when Waze was just a small digital-mapping business with limited resources, it had something Google Maps and other competitors didn’t: richer GPS guidance thanks to its stream of live traffic reports from users.

These users were the basis of Shabtai’s plan to solve for his GPS device’s “silent” hardware: he grounded the app in software that could be perpetually updated by users, anywhere and anytime.

Waze Carpool is going straight to the heart of traffic jams, trying to get more drivers off the road and into carpools. The app has already connected tens of thousands of rideseekers with drivers willing to ferry them along a shared route, and that trend could be the answer to a traffic-free future.

1. What did Shabtai do when he found his girlfriend’s gift out of date?

1. He improved it.B. He took it apart.
2. C. He put it away .D. He used it anyway.

1. what sets Waze Mobile apart from traditional navigation apps?
   1. It has the most users.
   2. It can indicate directions.
   3. It reports road conditions in real time.
   4. Most users help edit its words.
2. What does the underlined word in paragraph 6 probably mean?

1. DifficultlyB. CarefullyC. GreatlyD. Constantly

1. What is mainly talked about in the text?

1. The rise of carpooling
2. An advanced navigation app.
3. The development of Google.
4. Traffic problems in the world,
   第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
   根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
   Success seems to find Maya Moore everywhere she goes. But life hasn’t been a bed of roses for Maya and her biggest supporter, her mother.___36___
   

   第5页

   Maya discovered her love of basketball in 1997 at the age of 8. That was the year the WNBA(Women’s National Basketball Association) began holding games. The young girl watched WNBA star Cynthia Cooper play in Olympics. ___37___
   Three years later her mother, Kathryn, was offered a better job in North Carolina. Kathryn decided to make the move from Missouri because North Carolina provided greater basketball opportunities.Sadly, in under tow months the company downsized, and Kathryn lost her job. She remembers,“___38___” Maya says the difficulties brought them closer, and she praises her mom. “She’ s more than a teammate. I know she’s going to be on my side.”
   About a year later, mother and daughter moved to Georgia, where Maya continued to play basketball. In high school she had the opportunity to play basketball against some of the nation’s best players. ___39___ Maya led her team to 125 victories and three state championships. Duringthis time, she was named the national player of the year twice.
   ___40___ Maya and her mother approached the college decision like they did everything. With careful consideration, Maya chose the University of Connecticut.
   No wonder man call Maya one of the best to ever play the game!
   1. It was a bad time.
   2. It really a competitive skill.
   3. The competition improved her skills.
   4. You can’t succeed without too much payment.
   5. The path to success required a lot of hard work.
   6. Maya dreamed to compete in the Olympics one day.
   7. Universities competed to invite her to join their teams.

第三部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)

第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)

阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A couple of weeks ago, when we were leaving one of those horrible giant trampoline bouncy（弹跳床）places, my 11-year-old daughter said to me, “I don’t think I’m very athletic, youknow, like Rocket (her brother). He seems to be really good at41.”

What came out my mouth42me: “No, you’re kind of not.”

Okay, let me43. As you may have guessed, this child has been with me for about 11 years, so I’ve had enough time to44her engaging in physical acts: jumping,climbing, running, and organized sports.

And the kid is just45me: two left feet. If anybody was ever NOT a“natural”46 , that person is me.

But even 47 these facts, my first instinct（本能反应）was to snow her with some 48: “Oh, no,honey. You’re good at sports! You just have to keep 49!” But I decided to tell her the 50 , and I could see it hurt a bit.

So I said more: “Ava, we all have things we are particularly, 51good at. Like you and 52. You’re in the 5th grade and read Charles Dickens. That isn’t53 , but you’ve done it without even trying. But all of us also have things that we are 54in. If we want to get good at those things, we have to put in twice the55 of the people around us to get to a decent（相当的）point and even harder if wewant to56.”

She was nodding. She totally57 it. Why? Because it’s the truth. Sometimes I wonder why we run around talking nonsense（胡扯）to our kids when they can58the truth. And they can smell rubbish from a mile away. In other words, they can easily recognize you are59. In addition, if they don’t know where they 60 now, they’ll never know how to get somewhere new.

41.A.artsB.readingC.organizationD.sports 

42.A. surprisedB. puzzledC. amusedD. worried

43. A. get upB. give upC. come upD. back up

第6页

45.A. forB. likeC. withD. against 

46.A. coachB. judgeC. captainD. athlete 

47.A. knowingB. ignoringC. checkingD. minding 

48.A. informationB. factsC. rubbishD. beliefs 

49.A. tryingB. waitingC. lookingD. smiling

50. A. ideaB. truthC. newsD. failure

51. A. probablyB. naturallyC. unexpectedlyD. gradually

52. A. listeningB. speakingC. readingD. writing

53.A. normalB. importantC. specialD. useful 

54.A. poorB. differentC. experiencedD. interested 

55.A. moneyB. courageC. effortD. confidence 

56.A.get byB.live onC.catch upD.stand out

57. A. gotB. forgotC. deservedD. did 

58.A. hideB. avoidC. learnD. handle

59. A. jokingB. lyingC. strugglingD. regretting 

60.A. fallB. liveC. stopD. stand

第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

High-speed railways, electronic payments, shared bicycles and online shopping are China’s four new ways of life. They are most appealing to youths from 20 countries participating ___61___ the Belt and Road Initiative. The new four great inventions are all related to China’s high-tech inovation, ___62___ has improved the quality of people’s lives, “my wallet is no longer in use. I can buy and eat whatever I want ___63___(simple) with a tap of my phone,” said Lin Jinlong, an overseas Chinese student from Cmbodia, ___64___(add) that even pancake sellers are using Alipay(mobile payment).

In ___65___ word, China is leading in many ways. Bike sharing, for example, is not new itself. But China has made it much more convenient and ___66___(enjoy) both in China and overseas. Leading Chinese bike-sharing ___67___(company), Mobike and Ofo are now operating in foreign countries such as Singapore and Britain. Users in the countries ___68___(feel) excited and posted photos of ___69___(they) riding the Chinese bikes on social media. A growing number of foreigners hope ___70___ (promote) economic development in their home countries by paying more attention to the achievements of China.

第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)

第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Challenges of life remind meof my days in senior high school which I joined in themilitary

training. It was the first time I have lived far away from my home, so I found difficultto fit in.

And the trained officer was strictwithme. I once think I could not stick to theend.Andanyway,

I succeeded. The trials made it much easy for me to adapt to life,andthe difficultyI came across

第7页

第二节书面表达(满分25分)

假设你是中学生李华。下面四幅图记录了周日你在人民公园踏青的经历，请据图用英语写一篇日记。

注意：词数100左右。

Sunday,May  Fine

第8页

听力1-10. ABACA BBABA  11-20. BCBCB  ACCAC

阅读理解 (A)ABC (B) CCDD (C) CABD (D) ACDB 36-40 EFACG

完形填空DADCB DACAB BCAAC DADBD

语法填空61. in 62. which 63. simply 64. adding 65. a

66. enjoyable67. companies 68. felt 69.themselves 70.to promote

短文改错

Challenges of life remind me of my days in senior high school which I joined in the military

when

training. It was the first time I havelived far away from my home, so I found ∧difficult to fit in.

had it

And the trained officer was strict with me. I once think I could not stick to an end.Andanyway,

training thought But

I succeeded. The trials made it mucheasyfor me to adapt to life, and thedifficulty I came across

easier difficulties

have now all become a precious memory in my life. In a short, I have learned to regard the

challenges of life like a stepping stone to future success.

as

书面表达

Sunday, May 4 Fine

It was a sunny day today and I went to Xishan Park for a spring outing. The moment I entered the park, a variety of beautiful flowers and green trees came into sight. Attracted by the beauty, I couldn’t stop taking photos. As I wandered along the path, enjoying the beautiful view, I noticed something unpleasant. Two schoolgirls jumped over the fence to pick flowers and climb the tree. Obviously they didn’t realize that their behavior had done great damage to the beauty of the park. Without hesitation, I went up and stopped them politely. Quite embarrassed, the two girls came out immediately. Then they took pictures outside the fence. Seeing that, I smiled and everything looked nicer in my eyes.

听力材料

Text1

W:I’m not feeling very well, doctor. I have a bad cold.

M:Have you got a sore throat, too?

W:No, but I’ve got a headache.

M:I see. Take one of these pills every four hours. You’ll be OK soon.

Text 2

M:What’re your plans for the summer vacation?

W:I’m planning on getting a part-time job.

M:What kind of part-time job?

W:I don’t know. I just want to get some work experience.

Text 3

W:Hi, Victor, can we have a talk today?

M:I’d love to, but I’ve got a pretty tight schedule today. I’ll finish a report by ten and then drive to the airport to pick up an engineer at eleven. After that, I’ll have a meeting with him over lunch. I won’t have a break until two o’clock. But then from three until five, I have to attend a senior staff meeting.

Text 4

W:I bought a Harry Potter book yesterday. It’s 46 yuan.

M:That’s so expensive! I only spent 20 yuan on it.

W:Really? The price of this book is 46. Is yours fake?

M:Maybe. Now I know why there are so many errors in it.

Text 5

M:The apartment I looked at today was pretty decent---around 120㎡. The surrounding area is very quiet and safe with many trees and plants.

W:That’s good. Is the location accessible?

M:Yep, it’s near a bus stop.

W:Well, maybe we can buy this one then.

Text 6

W:What are your plans for today, Mark? Nick and I are going shopping. Do you want to come too?

M:Well, as a matter of fact, I’m meeting Steve. He’s writing an article and he’s asked me to take some photos for it.

W:An article? About what?

M:Oh, just people... Anyway, I’m seeing Steve at the zoo, at ten.

W:Oh well, let’s meet for lunch, shall we? How about that sandwich bar we went to on Friday? I’ll see you there about half past twelve.

M:Sounds good. See you.

Text 7

M:Nancy, what’s wrong with you? You look a bit down.

W:Yes, my credit card bill has just arrived. I’m in debt now.

M:Well, how much have you overdrawn last month?

W:3,000 yuan.

M:3,000 yuan? You have overspent too much.

W:I have no other choice. Two friends of mine held birthday parties last month. I spent a lot on the birthday presents.

M:What about the rest?

W:Well, some was spent on get-together parties with friends, some on makeup, some on clothes, and some on food.

M:You’d better change your consumption habit. Otherwise, you will get into the financial trouble soon.

W:I think so.

Text 8

M:What are you writing online?

W:I’m replying to a man’s article in the forum(论坛).

M:Do you know him?

W:No. I think his viewpoint expressed in the forum is wrong. So I want to show him my opinion.

M:Do you do that kind of thing often?

W:Yes. I like to discuss with different people online.

M:What do you usually talk about?

W:Any topic. Politics, science, film stars, in a word, everything in the world.

M:Sounds interesting.

W:I think so. But sometimes, we may start a flame war in the forum.

M:War? You fight with each other online? But how is that possible?

W:Ha-ha. We do not fight face to face. The main tool for us to use is our words expressed in the forum.

M:I see.

Text 9

M:Hi, Mom.

W:There you are. I am getting worried. It’s so late.

M:Yes. I ran into Julie and we went to a pub. She told me a funny thing.

W:Oh? What was that?

M:Well, she was driving home after work and she suddenly saw an old lady on her hands and knees in the middle of the road.

W:Really.

M:Yes. Julie was so shocked that she stopped suddenly and the car behind crashed into hers.

W:Was she hurt?

M:No.

W:And what was the old lady doing?

M:I’m just coming to that. So Julie got out of her car and saw the old lady pick up something and walk away.

W:Lucky indeed, Julie didn’t run her over.

M:Then a policeman came, but he didn’t believe what Julie said.

W:Well.

M:Luckily, there was a witness, a man waiting for a bus. He saw it all. Guess what the old lady was doing?

W:I haven’t the slightest idea.

M:She was looking for her gold tooth.

W:A gold tooth?

M:Yes. It fell out as she was crossing the road. The witness heard her saying: oh, my gold tooth.

Text 10

The beginning of October means Nobel Prize time. Daily announcements followed this week. Each prize is $960,000 together with a diploma and gold medal handed out on Dec. 10.

The prizes in medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace were founded by the will of Alfred Nobel, a wealthy Swedish man. The first awards were presented in 1901, five years after Noble’s death. However, the economics award wasn’t created by Noble but by Sweden’s central bank in 1968.

The Nobel judges are prohibited from making their discussions known for 50 years. They try hard to avoid giving clues about the winners before the announcements.

Scientists often have to wait decades to have their work recognized by the judges. The judges want to make sure any breakthrough stands up to the test of time. However, that’s against Nobel’s will. It states the awards should belong to “those who, during the previous year, shall have made the greatest benefit to mankind.”