2022年全国乙卷高考英语真题及答案(完整听力版)
06月09日
金山区2017学年第二学期质量监控
高三英语试卷
(时间120分钟,分值140分) 2018年4月
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Section A
Directions:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
What the scientists are saying…
The first primate (灵长目动物) clones
For the first time, scientists have used the technique that produced Dolly the sheep to clone monkeys. The Chinese researchers who produced the two macaques say that having access to genetically identical primates will be a huge ___41___ to medical research. It will give scientists a clearer understanding of genetic ___42___ by enabling them to compare animals who are identical except for one tweaked gene; when ___43___ drugs, it will make it possible to rule out the possibility that variations in outcomes are down to genetic ___44___. But other experts have raised a host of ___45___. The somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique involves ___46___ a cell nucleus to a donated nucleus-free egg that is then prompted to develop into an embryo(胚胎). Although 23 species have been cloned in this way, primates have only been cloned before using a less complex embryo-splitting technique. Similar to the process that creates twins, it can only lead to a very ___47___ number of genetically identical individuals. SCNT can in ___48___ lead to a far larger number of clones, but in the Chinese experiment, the fail rate was very high. The team implanted scores of embryos, but only two monkeys survived beyond a few days. ___49___ to that is the concern that by cloning a primate species, the team has broken down a significant ___50___ on the way to cloning humans.
Herbal remedy danger
Herbal remedies such as St. John’s wort and ginseng may be ___51___ when used alongside conventional drugs, reports The Guardian. In a review of medical literature, researchers at Stellenbosch University in South Africa found several ___52___ of alternative treatments appearing to ___53___ with prescription drugs, resulting in potentially dangerous side effects. In one case, the autopsy (解剖) of a 55-year-old who died while swimming concluded that the ginkgo biloba supplements he had been taking may have ___54___ his anti-seizure (防止发作) medicine. Other cases documented patients on statins appearing to suffer complications linked to flaxseed, St. John’s wort and green tea. “If you are taking herbal remedies, you should ___55___it to your clinician,” said one of the report’s authors, Dr Charles Awortwe.
41. A. threatB. damageC. benefitD. potential
42. A. variationsB. diseasesC. structuresD. factors
43. A. manufacturingB. applyingC. testingD. prescribing
44. A. messB. differencesC. lossesD. recombination
45. A. concernsB. focusesC. fundsD. suspicion
46. A. translatingB. transferringC. connectingD. reversing
47. A. magnificentB. astonishing C. limitedD. accurate
48. A. theoryB. realityC. advance D. addition
49. A. AttachedB. Related C. Compared D. Added
50. A. accessB. keyC. barrierD. contribution
51. A. harmfulB. usefulC. helpfulD. purposeful
52. A. methodsB. figuresC. problemsD. instances
53. A. dealB. interactC. mixD. identify
54. A. put forwardB. moved upC. held downD. carried on
55. A. claimB. avoidC. classifyD. mention
Section B
Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
Cure for tiredness?
Staying up late is a potential battle between parents and kids. But the solution could be as simple as changing your meal time.
Researchers at the University of Surry, UK, found that delaying meals could help change one of the internal body clocks. Besides a “master” clock in the brain, there are clocks in other parts of the body. They are usually synchronized according to factors including light.
During the study, researchers tested 10 participants to examine the effect of changing meal times on their body clocks. The participants were given three meals – breakfast, lunch and dinner. In the first stage, participants received breakfast 30 minutes after waking. Lunch and dinner followed, after 5-hour intervals. In the second stage, each meal was delayed by 5 hours. Right after each stage, blood and fat samples were collected.
Results showed that later meal times greatly influenced blood sugar levels. A 5-hour delay in meal times caused a 5-hour delay in the internal blood sugar rhythms.
The discovery showed that meal times are in line with the body clock that controls blood sugar levels.
This is a small study but the researchers believe the findings could help jet lag sufferers and night-shift workers.
In a study by the University of Surrey in 2013, researchers explored what happened when a person’s body was changed from a normal pattern to that of a night-shift worker’s.
After people work through the night, over 97 percent of the body’s rhythmic genes are disrupted.
These findings explain why we feel so bad following a long flight, or after working at night, according to Simon Archer, one of the study’s researchers.
“It’s like living in a house. There’s a clock in every room in the house and in all of those rooms those clocks are now disrupted, which of course leads to chaos in the household,” fellow researcher DerkJan Dijk told the BBC.
Changing meal times didn’t affect the “master” body clock – the one controlling when we get sleepy – but it can reset the body clock that controls blood sugar levels.
This wouldn’t necessarily cure jet lag completely, but it might reduce the negative effects.
A study published earlier this year suggested that just a weekend camping trip could be enough to reset our body clocks. And now this latest research shows regular food schedules could play a key part too.
56. What did researchers at the University of Surrey find from their new study?
57. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the new study, according to the article?
58. What can we learn from the study by researchers at the University of Surrey from 2013?
59. According to the article, ______.
Canada Apprentice (学徒) Loan Basics The Canada Apprentice Loan is available to help registered Red Seal apprentices cover the cost of their training. What you need to know ●The Government of Canada offers apprentices registered in a Red Seal Trade apprenticeship program up to $4,000 per period of technical training. ●You can get Canada Apprentice Loans for up to 5 periods of technical training. ●Your loan will be interest-free for up to 6 years as long as you are confirmed as being registered in a Red Seal Trade apprenticeship program. ●You do not have to make any loan payments as long as your loan is in interest-free status. Eligibility(资格) To be eligible, you must meet all of these criteria: ●be a Canadian Citizen, Permanent Resident, or Protected Person; ●be registered in a Red Seal Trade apprenticeship program that is designated by the province or territory where you are registered as an apprentice; ●be enrolled in block release technical training or the equivalent fulltime technical training with an approved technical training provider; ●pass a credit check (required if you are applying for the first time). You are not eligible if you: ●are a high school student; ●are an apprentice registered in the province of Quebec; ●are receiving a Canada Student Loan for the same technical training; ●have been told that you are restricted from receiving a Canada Apprentice Loan or a Canada Student Loan; ●have already received funding for 5 periods of technical training; ●have already received 6 years of interest-free status. |
61. Which of the following statements is False according to the passage?
62. The purpose of the passage is intended to ________.
66. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Women stopped protesting for their vote because they were offered more job opportunities.
B. The PM, Herbert Asquith, an opponent of women’s votes, committed suicide.
C. The first campaigning women groups were formed originally for the sake of legal rights.
D. All women can enjoy their right to vote since the introduction of People Act.
Section C
Directions:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
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No one enjoys the moment. You are stuck at the back of a queue and as those in other lines move ahead and get served, the time to decide arrives. ____67____
This question has now been solved by researchers at Harvard Business School. According to what they have found in a new study, they suggest people think twice before switching queues.
The research was led by Ryan Buell, an expert in service management. He looked into consumer queuing behavior after working with economists on what is known as “last-place aversion,” the discomfort people feel when they know they earn less than others or consider themselves at the bottom of the social pile for some other reason. As a result of this aversion to being the last, when a person finds himself at the end of a queue, he can make decisions that he will later regret.
Buell began by observing people at a multi-checkout grocery store and then set up an online survey. People who took part in the survey were told it would take about five minutes. In reality, it took only one minute, but when participants logged in for the survey, they were forced to wait in a virtual queue displayed on the screen. They started at the back and could wait, switch to a second queue or choose to leave.
____68____ On average, however, those who switched waited 10 percent longer than if they had stayed put. Those who switched twice ended up waiting 67 percent longer than if they had never moved.
“When we join a queue, we tend to make the most rational choice we can, which means joining the shortest queue. ____69____ Unfortunately, we can often get it wrong,” said Buell.
____70____ After that, the aversion fades. The researcher suggests people have a chat with the person in front so that they can pass the time more comfortably until someone else joins behind them. “Remember that the person in front of you was the last until you arrived, so someone will show up if you hang around long enough,” Buell said.
IV. Summary Writing
Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
As technology grows, many university instructors are finding ways to guide online learning platforms into their classrooms. Programs such as Blackboard, WebCT and Moodle allow teachers to post reading assignments, PowerPoint presentations, lecture notes and quizzes for students to complete outside of class. While posting lessons online can be friendly to students' communication styles and easily accessible, they also cause disadvantages.
One disadvantage is that it may encourage students to depend on technology in the classroom. Instead of physical textbooks, many now bring cellphones to access materials during class discussions. While electronic devices can be valuable learning tools, they also can lead to distractions from learning, such as social networking and online games. It is extremely difficult for students being exposed to multiple electronic tasks to focus or remember key information.
A second disadvantage is that online lessons open up potential for cheating. Many instructors require students to complete quizzes, post within discussion groups or submit major assignments online. As a result, there are some students having someone else complete their assignments. A contributing factor is that online assignments are best suitable for those self-motivated, self-directed students. Students who struggle with organization and completing assignments may find it easy to cheat online.
In spite of these disadvantages, educators can take steps to make sure students use online lessons responsibly. If instructors are uncomfortable with electronic devices in the classroom, they can require students to print out assignments and readings to reference during sessions. To prevent cheating, teachers can use online assignments as a supplement to traditional in-class work, or create open-ended assignments rather than using assignments like multiple-choice quizzes that have only one right answer. Being familiar with what the platform looks like from a student perspective also can help instructors avoid potential pitfalls.
V. Translation
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 多参加志愿者活动,它能使你成为更好的人。(and)
73. 随着收入的提高,人们开始追求更高品质的生活方式。(pursue)
74. 自从新的地铁建成以来,人们不再骑自行车上班了。(Rarely)
75. 大多数市民在网上高度赞扬这个主意,因为它不仅有助于传播信息,而且还提高了人们保护孩子的意识。(speak)
VI. Guided Writing
Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
随着人工智能时代的到来 (the age of artificial intelligence),有人提议各中小学都将开设人工智能相关的选修课程。对此谈谈你的看法。你的文章必须包括以下内容:
高三英语试卷
听力录音文字:
Listening comprehension
Section A
Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about it. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
W: Oh. I'm sorry for not mentioning it, but I thought you knew my plan.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
Section B
Directions:In section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversion will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage
Hello, everyone. Welcome to Liverpool University. I’d like to give you a brief introduction to the student clubs in our university. Let's begin with the English Family. It was first started in 1980 and it has 70 members now. They meet every Tuesday. They have morning readings at the English corner. In addition to this, every Tuesday, members can listen to lectures about English literature given by famous school experts. What's more, members can also enjoy famous movies. If you are a sports lover, come to our sports club. This club has a total of 130 members and has a history of 15 years. The members usually meet on Sundays. Lots of matches are played in the club and sometimes they play against teams from other universities. For those who enjoy painting, our painting club can be a good choice. It was started ten years ago and there are 80 members in the club now. Painting lessons are usually organized on Wednesdays. You can learn a lot in this club. Of course, there are also many other clubs in this university, such as the music club, reading club and dancing club. For more information, go to the university website.
Questions:
11. How many members does the sports club have?
12. When are the painting lessons usually held?
13. Which club has the longest history?
Questions 14 through16 are based on the following passage.
Every spring or autumn, many people catch a cold. It makes us wonder if scientists can send a man to the moon, why can't they find a cure for the common cold? The answer is easy. There are actually hundreds of kinds of cold viruses out there. You never know which one you will get, so there isn’t a cure for each one.
When a virus attacks your body, your body works hard to get rid of it. Blood rushes to your nose and causes a blockage in it. You feel terrible because you can’t breathe well. But your body is actually eating the virus. Your temperature rises and you get a fever. But the heat of your body is killing the virus. You also have a running nose to stop the virus from getting to your cells. You may feel miserable but actually your wonderful body doing everything it can to kill the cold.
Different people have different remedies for colds. In the United States and some other countries, for example, people might eat chicken soup to feel better. Some people take hot baths and drink warm liquids. Other people take medicine to relieve various symptoms of colds.
There is one interesting thing to note. Some scientists say taking medicine when you have a cold is actually bad for you. The virus stays in you longer because your body doesn't develop a way to fight it and kill it. Bodies can do an amazing job on their own. There is a joke going like this,"It takes about one week to get over a cold if you don't take medicine, but it takes only seven days to get over a cold if you take medicine.”
Questions
14. According to the passage, why haven't the scientists found a cure for the common cold?
15. What does the speaker say about the symptoms of the common cold?
16. What do some scientists say about taking medicine for the common cold according to the passage?
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
M: Hey, Jane. I haven't seen you around for several days. What are you up to?
W: I’m reviewing the classic sitcom: Friends.
M: Oh, I still remember the days when we gathered in front of the television waiting for the show to come. Wow, the great memory. How I miss the main characters: a circle of intimate friends living in Manhattan!
W: Yes, yes, a great combination of three girls and three boys. I just love to see what happened to them in every episode. It’s hilarious. Actually, I still regard it as one of the finest shows I have ever seen.
M: Well, Friends received positive reviews throughout its run, becoming one of the most popular sitcoms of all time.
W: It is still popular these days.
M: Yes, it is actually voted as the fourth most-watched series in television history.
W: That I didn’t know. I just know that it became an immediate hit when it first appeared on TV in 1994, a critical favorite, commercial success and cultural phenomenon.
M: En, the series made a large cultural impact, which continues today.
W: Yes, I got most of my knowledge about American culture from it --- for example, coffee culture, fashion code, popular books and music.
M: En, definitely! I even planned to open a coffee shop for friends' gathering just like"Central Perk".
W: Ha, it's just what I was talking about all the time then.
M: And for English learners like me, we finally learned how to communicate with other English-speakers naturally and authentically.
W: Yeah, I was so into it that I just couldn't bear the idea of not watching it any more. I’m not willing to let it go after the whole ten seasons.
M: I feel the same. When it was finished in 2004, fans were heartbroken. So can I join you tonight to review it together?
W: Of course, you are more than welcome.
Questions:
17. How long did the show last?
18. What is the show mainly about?
19. Which of the following comments on the show doesn’t appear in the conversation?
20. What will the two speakers most likely do next?
金山区2017学年第二学期质量监控
高三英语试卷参考答案