2015年全国高考英语试题及答案-北京卷

2015 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

英语(北京卷)

本试卷共16页， 共150分。考试时间为120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：听力理解（共三节：30 分）

第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 7.5 分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话你将听一遍。

例：What is the man going to read？

A．A newspaper

B．A magazine

C．A book

答案是A

1. What kind of music does the woman like？
   A．Classical music B. Rock music C. Country music
2. Which sweater will the man take?

A．The red one B。The blue one C. The yellow one

3.How will the man pay？

A．In cash B. By credit card C. By traveler’s cheque

4.Where are the woman’s keys?

1. In her pocket B. On the floor C. On the table

5.What will the man probably do tonight?

1. Read Chapter 4
2. Study in the library
3. Watch the football match

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。

6.What is the relationship between the two speakers？

A．Travel agent and customer

B．Husband and wife

C．Boss and secretary

7.When will the meetings end？

A．At3:00pm. B. At 5:00pm. C. At 6:30pm.

听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。

8.Where is the foreign language section？

A．In Row 3. B. In Row 5. C. In Row 7

9.What does the man decide to borrow?

1. Novels. B. Biographies. C. Magazines

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.Why dose the man make the call?

1. To ask for information
2. To make an appointment
3. To send out an invitation

11.What sport is the man interested in?

1. Football
2. Basketball
3. Swimming

12.On what days is the sports center closed?

1. Mondays B. Fridays C. Sundays

听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。

13.What is the speaker mainly talking about?

1. Rules of the school
2. Course requirements
3. Notices of the new term.

14.Which club will meet on Wednesdays?

1. Baseball
2. Dance
3. Chess

15.When will the parents’ evening for Year 8 be held?

1. In September
2. In October
3. In November
   第三节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）
   听下面一段对话，完成第16至第20五道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。

   Cell Phone Repair Form
   Customer’s Name	Thomas16
   Telephone No.	17
   Time of Purchase	181st,2015
   Problem	Screen went19
   Solution（解决方案）	20it up and check the inside

   
   第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）（略）
   第一节 单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，共 15 分）
   从每题所给的 ABCD 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
   例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. , we last met more than thirty years ago.
   1. What’s moreB. That’s to say
      C. In other words16D. Believe it or not
      答案是 D。
      21. _____the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
      A. Catching B. Caught C. To catch D. Catch
      22. —Did you enjoy the party?
      —Yes. We _____well by our hosts.
      A. were treated B. would be treated C. treated D. had treated
      23.The park was full of people ____ themselves in the sunshine
      A. having enjoyed B. enjoyed C. enjoying D. to enjoy
      24.Opposite is St.Paul’s Church, _____you can hear some lovely music.
      A. which B. that C. when D. where
      25.He is a shy man, _____he is not afraid of anything or anyone.
      A. so B. but C. or D. as
      26.In the last few years, China _____ great achievements in environmental protection.
      A. has made B. had made C. was making D. is making
      27—Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house?
      —Not really. She _____ us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
      A. was to give B. had given C. was giving D. would give
      28.You won’t find paper cutting difficult _____you keep practicing it.
      A. even though B. as long as C .as if D. ever since
      29.—Can’t you stay a little longer?
      —It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone.
      A .may B .can C . must D .dare
      30.—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
      —All right. I____ him later.
      A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling
      31.If ___for the job, you’ll be informed soon.
      A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted
      32._____the damage is dose , it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
      A. Until B. Unless C. Once D. Although
      33.I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.
      A. that B. where C. what D. why
      34.IfI _____it with my own eyes , I wouldn’t have believed it.
      A .didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. Wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen
      35._____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
      A. Where B. How C. Why D. When
      第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）
      阅读下面短文， 掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲该项 涂黑。
      A Welcome Gift
      Dario and his mother loved their new apartment. The living room was large enough for their piano. That night, the two of them 36side by side at the piano. They played jazz music to celebrate their new home. The loud 37filled the room and made them feel very happy.
      The next morning, 38, their happiness disappeared. Someone had left a 39under their door during the night. One of their neighbor had written to complain(抱怨) about the sound of the piano. Dario’s mother asked the building superintendent(管理员) if he knew anything about it. But he said that they were all 40people and he couldn’t imagine any of them had done that. Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their 41and apologize for their playing.
      “Maybe we could go and42everyone in person.” his mother said.
      “What if we invited them to come here for a 43instead? Dario asked.
      They both loved the44. Over the next few days, they sent out invitations and prepared desserts45their guests. They decorated the apartment with streamers(彩带) and party lights.
      Finally, the day of the party46. Some guests brought presents. Others brought flowers. Some even brought desserts to47. One woman, Mrs. Gilbert, 48Dario’s mother with a book of piano music by Chopin.
      “I heard you playing the other night,” she said. “The sounds woke me out of bed. I49 that you might play like this every night. So I wrote a short note. I hope you don’t think I disliked the playing.”
      Dario’s mother smiled at Mrs. Gilbert. “I think maybe we50you an apology.” she said. “I didn’t51how late it was when we were playing. Maybe we should play some quieter music at night.
      “You play, you play!” Mrs. Gilbert said. “I like what you play! Just not so loud at night.” She pointed to the book she had given them. “These songs are not such52music. ”
      “These songs are beautiful music. ” Dario’s mother said. “We will be 53to play them in the evening.”
      “And we won’t play so loud or late!” Dario said. He was already looking forward to54 the new music. More than that, however, he was happy to see the big smile on his mother’s face. It gave him a feeling of55and made him feel that they were home at last.
      36. A. sat B. stoodC. lay D. walked
      37. A. voice B. ringC. music D. cry
      38. A. therefore B. howeverC. otherwise D. instead
      39. A. note B. posterC. bill D. report
      40. A. proud B. richC. lucky D. nice
      41. A. neighbors B. friendsC. relatives D. audience
      42. A. blame B. instructC. question D. visit
      43. A. party B. concertC. show D. play
      44. A. experience B. ideaC. performance D. action
      45. A. to B. withC. for D. from
      46. A. continued B. arrivedC. passed D. finished
      47. A. order B. sellC. share D. advertise
      48. A. treated B. presentedC. helped D. served
      49. A. promised B. admittedC. agreed D. worried
      50. A. give B. sendC. offer D. owe
      51. A. realize B. rememberC. understand D. accept
      52. A. sweet B. strangeC. funny D. loud
      53. A. brave B. sorryC. happy D. afraid
      54. A. changing B. practicingC. recording D. writing
      55. A. equality B. freedomC. warmth D. sympathy
      第三部分：阅读理解 （共两节，20 分）
      第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）
      阅读下列短文：从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，将正确的选项涂在答题卡上。
      A
      The Boy Made It!
      One Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! He didn’t have food, water, a phone, or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute.
      Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about all the survival shows he had watched on TV. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.
      He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was to find shelter form the freezing wind and snow. If he didn’t, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him. Using his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could.
      By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could — he huddled (蜷缩) in his cave and slept.
      The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn’t find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved.
      
      Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls’ survival show Man vs. Wild. That’s where he learned the tips that saved his life. In each episode(一期节目) of Man vs. Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and
      has to find his way out. When Grylls heard about Nicholas’ amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.
      56. What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon?
      A. He got lost. B. He broke his skis.
      C. He hurt his eyes. D. He caught a cold.
      57. How did Nicholas keep himself warm?
      A. He found a shelter. B. He lighted some branches.
      C. He kept on skiing. D. He built a snow cave.
      58. On Tuesday, Nicholas.
      A. returned to his shelter safely.
      B. was saved by a searcher.
      C. got stuck in the snow
4. stayed where he was

59. Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he .

1. did the right things in the dangerous situation.
2. watched Grylls’ TV program regularly
3. created some tips for survival
4. was very hard-working

B

Revolutionary TV Ears

TV Ears has helped thousands of people with various degrees of hearing loss hear the television clearly without turning up the volume(音量) and now it’s better and more affordable than ever! With TV Ears wireless technology, you set your own headset volume, while other TV listeners hear the television at a volume level that’s comfortable for them. You can even listen through the headset only and put the TV on mute(静音) if the situation calls for a quiet environment —maybe the baby is sleeping. Or perhaps you are the only one who is interested in listening to the ballgame.

TV Ears patented technology includes a revolutionary noise reduction car tip, not used in any other commercially available headset. This tip reduces outside noise so that television dialogue is clear and understandable. Get the technology that has proven to help the most demanding customers. That’s why TV Ears has earned the trust and confidence of audiologists(听觉学家) nationwide as well as world-famous doctors.

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60. TV Ears helps you ______.
A. improve your sleeping quality
B. listen to TV without disturbing others
C. change TV channels without difficulty
D. become interested in ballgame programs
61. What makes TV Ears different from other headsets?
A. It can easily set TV on mute
B. Its headset volume is adjustable
C. It has a new noise reduction ear tip
D. It applies special wireless technology
62.This advertisement is made more believable by ______.
A. using recommendations
B. offering reasons for this invention
C. providing statistics
D. showing the results of experiments

C

Life in the Clear

Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they’re eating it, or unless something is eating them.”

And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through? It’s trickier than you might think.

The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter(散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.

But a transparent object doesn’t absorb or scatter light, at least not very much, Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesn’t look very different from the surrounding air or water. You don’t see it ----you see the things behind it.

To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素) that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesn’t have pigments, so its tissues won’t absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.

Animals are built of many different materials----skin, fat, and more----and light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see—through. Others build a large, clear mass of non-living jelly-lie(果冻状的)material and spread themselves over it .

Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how they’re doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn a non-transparent milky white.

63. According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals_______.

1. stay in groups B. can be easily damaged

C. appear only in deep ocean D. are beautiful creatures

64. The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means__________.

1. silently B. gradually

C. regularly D. completely

65. One way for an animal to become transparent is to ________.

1. change the direction of light travel
2. gather materials to scatter light.
3. avoid the absorption of light
4. grow bigger to stop light.

66. The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals________.

1. move more slowly in deep water
2. stay see-through even after death
3. produce more tissues for their survival
4. take effective action to reduce light spreading

D

Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life, mostly for the better. However, social changes are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.
An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college. Surveys (调查) on this topic suggests that parents today continue to be “very” or “some what” overly-protective even after their children move into college
dormitories. The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago. This is usually interpreted as a sign that today’s parents are trying to manage their children’s lives past the point where this behavior is
appropriate.
However, greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children.
In the context (背景) of this discussion, it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents’ involvement with their grown children. If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently, would this
have been possible? Probably not. On the other hand, does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasn’t present a generation ago? Many studies show that older parents—today’s grandparents—would have called their
children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.
Furthermore, studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home. This phenomenon is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past.
Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college. But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.
67. The surveys inform us of______.
A. the development of technology
B. the changes of adult children’s behavior
C. the parents’ over-protection of their college children
D. the means and expenses of students’ communication

68. The writer believes that__________.

1. parents today are more protective than those in the past
2. the disadvantages of new technology outweigh its advantages
3. technology explains greater involvement with their children
4. parents’ changed attitudes lead to college children’s delayed independence

69. What is the best title for the passage?

1. Technology or Attitude
2. Dependence or Independence
3. Family Influences or Social Changes
4. College Management or Communication Advancement

70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?

第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分。共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。

This Way to Dreamland

Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy._71__They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.

But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. __72__ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?

So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?

First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.__73_ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.

It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.__74__

Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.____75_

Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.

1. Having interesting things to think about also helps.
2. They stare off into space and wander by themselves.
3. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relatively, Coke or Post-it notes.
4. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.
5. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.
6. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.
7. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone.

第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分）

1. （15分）

假如你是红星中学高三李华，请给你的美国朋友Jim写一封信，告诉他你打算参加龙舟训练营，希望他一起参加，邮件的内容包括：

1. 介绍训练营的相关内容（例如；时间，地点，参加者等）；
2. 说明你打算参加的原因；
3. 询问对方的意向。

注意： 1. 词数不少于50；

2. 开头和结尾已给出， 不计入总词数。

提示词：龙舟训练营 Dragon Boat Training Camp

Dear Jim,

Yours,

Li Hua

第二节 （ 20 分）

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，
介绍在“传统文化进校园”活动中，向面人艺术家学习捏面人的过程，
并以“A Day with a Craftsman”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件。
注意： 词数不少于 60。
提示词： 一个面团 a piece of dough
面人 dough figurine

（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

英语（北京卷）参考答案

第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分）

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）

1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.C

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

6.C 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.A

11.B 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.B

第三节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）

每小题1.5分。如出现拼写错误不计分；出现大小写、单复数错误扣0.5分；如每小题超过一个词不计分。

16. Tarshis/TARSHIS 17.627935 18.May

19.black 20. Open/open

第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）

21.C 22.A 23.C 24.D 25.B

26.A 27.B 28.B 29.C 30.A

31.D 32.C 33.A 34.D 35.B

第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）

36.A 37.C 38.B 39.A 40.D

41.A 42.D 43.A 44.B 45.C

46.B 47.C 48.B 49.D 50.D

51.A 52.D 53.C 54.B 55.C

第三部分： 阅读理解（共两节，40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）

56.A 57.D 58.B 59.A 60.B

61.C 62.A 63.B 64.D 65.C

66.D 67.C 68.C 69.A 70.B

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

71.B 72.C 73.A 74.E 75.G

第四部分 书面表达（共两节，35分）

第一节（15分）

One possible version:

Dear Jim,

I’m writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday. I want to join a Dragon Boat Camp. I wonder if you’d like to go with me.

This camp will open on July 20th , It offers teenagers like you and me a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture. If you are interested in it, let me know and I’ll send you more information.

Hope to meet you at the training camp this summer.

第二节（20分）

一、内容要点：

1.欢迎

2.示范

3.实践

二、one possible version

Last Tuesday, our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make dough figurines.

When the craftsman came into the classroom, we gave him a warm welcome and two boys helped him with the tool box. First, he showed us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines. We stood around him and watched attentively. Then we started to have a try ourselves. The old man walked around and helped us patiently. Finally, we put the figurines we made on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman. Looking at the figurines, we were all very excited.

We hope we can have more activities of this kind!